“Gluten” important things you should know

History of gluten intolerance

Long ago, humans lived by hunting in the forest. Their diet consists of fruits, nuts, and sometimes meat. But when the first agricultural revolution occurred around 12,000 BC. Humans began to know how to grow plants. like wheat This creates a new type of substance that the human body has never known before. A new type of food has become a staple in a short period of time. This makes the human intestine, which takes a longer time to develop, unable to adapt. Birth of Celiac disease up in the history of mankind

in history Doctors and scientists have been trying to figure out why and how to treat celiac disease. But still unable to determine the true cause of the disease. Until World War II, when there was a shortage of bread in the Netherlands. Improves symptoms of children with celiac disease It wasn't until the distribution of bread began that the children's condition became noticeably worse. Until it was discovered that gluten played an important role in causing Celiac disease.

What is gluten?

Gluten is a type of glycoprotein found in the endosperm of plants. Formed from the combination of the proteins glutenin and gliadin, it is tough, flexible and insoluble in water. Corresponds to the Latin root of the word Glue, which means glue because it acts like 'glue' to connect parts of food together. This helps the food maintain its shape and form lumps. Found in wheat, rye, spelt, kamut, barley, and triticale. (Triticale) As for oats (Oats), even though they do not contain gluten, But they are often contaminated with gluten in the production process.

How can you be allergic to gluten?

Normally, the cells lining the intestines are tightly packed together, with the Tight Junction acting as a door between the two cells, preventing foreign substances from entering the body. But when the body is unable to digest all the gluten. Gluten travels through the small intestine. and stimulates the intestinal lining cells to secrete Zonulin protein to destroy the Tight Junction, thus creating gaps between the cells. (Similar to a wound on the skin) Gluten escapes into the bloodstream. The body's immune system responds by releasing substances that destroy the gluten. This immune system response causes inflammation within the body. It was found that in the group of celiac disease patients there was a higher than normal level of the protein Zonulin. The important stimulants for Zonulin secretion are bacteria in the intestines and gluten. Even people who do not have celiac disease if they are exposed to gluten and gliadin, which are found in wheat. It can stimulate the secretion of Zonulin protein as well.

Gluten intolerance (Gluten Intolerance)Gluten intolerance can be divided into 3 main types as follows:

Celiac Disease (Celiac Disease) is found in about 0.5-1% of the world's population. Celiac disease is classified as a type of autoimmune disease (Auto immune Disease) caused by environmental factors or changes in the genetic code. Currently, it can be diagnosed through genetic testing.
Allergic to wheat (Allergic to wheat) is an allergy to the protein in wheat. Unlike celiac disease, allergic reactions occur immediately. The severity of wheat allergy symptoms varies, such as: redness and swelling of the skin. The windpipe is swollen and red, unable to breathe. until severe allergic reaction (Anaphylaxis) until it is life threatening. A blood test can be done to check for food allergies. or allergy testing through the skin (Skin Prick Test)
Gluten Sensitivity (Gluten Sensitivity) or Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a condition in which the body does not digest gluten. But the symptoms are not as severe as celiac disease. But if the body cannot digest gluten for a long time, it can develop into celiac disease.

Over the past 15 years, the number of people suffering from celiac disease has quadrupled as consumption of wheat products has increased and most foods in supermarkets contain gluten. Even dietary supplements or cosmetics like lipstick

Other complications caused by celiac disease

When eating gluten The body will have an abnormal immune response. Causes inflammation in the lining of the small intestine, making it unable to absorb nutrients. Fully minerals and vitamins Each person will have different symptoms, such as having a lot of gas in the stomach. Frequent farting Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, restlessness, acne easily appears, acne scars heal slowly, loss of concentration, migraine headaches, inaccurate thinking and memory (Brain fog). If chronic, it can cause health problems such as osteoporosis. Infertility nerve damage Dermatitis (Dermatitis), anemia, muscle pain, osteoporosis, migraine, osteoporosis, infertility, nerve damage.

If you want to be sure whether you have a gluten intolerance or not. You can consult an expert doctor. To be tested for latent food allergies or IgG4 Food Intolerance if you find that you are sensitive to gluten. You should avoid foods that contain gluten. or has a production process that risks contamination with gluten Always read the ingredients on the label. Before buying food every time or choosing to buy specified productsGlutenFree

flour

Foods that contain gluten

wheat
rye
spelled rice
Kamut rice
barley
Oatmeal*
Triticale rice
Couscous (Couscous)
Gnocchi

Gluten-free food alternatives

paddy
sticky rice
Buckwheat
Quinoa
Various nuts
Oat bran* (gluten-free formula)
Lupine flour
Guar Gum Powder
arrowroot powder
Tapioca Starch
Banana flour
coconut flour
Hemp flour
Chickpea flour
soybean flour
almond flour
Quinoa Flour
Spinach Flour

line

Foods that contain gluten

Ramen
Udon
Soba*
noodle
All types of pasta
dumpling

*Naturally Oats and buckwheat are not gluten-free, but their cultivation and processing can lead to gluten contamination.

Gluten-free food alternatives

Noodles
vermicelli
Soba (gluten-free recipe)

Bread and Bakery

Foods that contain gluten

cake
cookie
pie
Brownies
Pancake
waffle
Crepes
Patongko
stuffed steamed bun
Croissant
pita bread
Naan flour
bagel
Tortilla
muffin
Donuts
Roll
bread crumbs
Crackers
Pretzel
Biscuits
French Toast

Gluten-free food alternatives

Bread and Bakery (Gluten-free formula)

Cereal Granola

Foods that contain gluten

Granola
Cornflakes and puffed rice (flavored with malt or contains malt as an ingredient)
Ready-made french fries

Gluten-free food alternatives

Granola and Cornflakes (Gluten-free formula)
Roll Oats
rice cereal
millet cereal
Puffed rice
Crispy rice

Meat group

Foods that contain gluten

processed meat
agricultural protein
Mee Kung
meatball
frying potatoes
sausage
nugget
Tempura
Marinated meats such as seasoned minced pork
Bouncy Pork
soft pork
Grilled Chicken with Soy Sauce
Egg menu at restaurants (May contain flour or seasonings)

Gluten-free food alternatives

fish meat
shrimp meat
pork
chicken meat
egg

group of fruits and vegetables

Foods that contain gluten

Stir-fried fruit
Fried vegetables and fruits

Gluten-free food alternatives

fresh vegetables
fresh fruit

Dessert group

Foods that contain gluten

ice cream
candy
Fried bananas
Fried potatoes
moon cake

Gluten-free food alternatives

Ice cream and candy (Gluten-free formula)

Seasoning sauce group

Foods that contain gluten

soy sauce
soy sauce
oyster sauce
seasoning sauce
Teriyaki Sauce
Salad Dressing
cream sauce
Chunky soup
puree powder
Gravy
Red Pork Rice Sauce
Malt vinegar

Gluten-free food alternatives

fish sauce
spices
soy sauce (Gluten-free formula)
distilled vinegar
tomato ketchup
mayonnaise

Beverage group

Foods that contain gluten

beer
Brewer
yeast
wine cooler
malt drinks

Gluten-free food alternatives

Beer (gluten-free recipe)
wine
whiskey
vodka

Sources:

Guandalini S. A brief history of Celiac disease. Impact. 2007;3:1-4.
Fasano A. Zonulin, regulation of tight junctions, and autoimmune diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2012;1258(1):25.
Catassi C, Kryszak D, Bhatti B, Sturgeon C, Helzlsouer K, Clipp SL, et al. Natural history of celiac disease autoimmunity in a USA cohort followed since 1974. Annals of medicine. 2010;42(7):530-8.
Celiac Disease Foundation. Sources of Gluten [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Jun 23]. Available from: https://celiac.org/gluten-free-living/what-is-gluten/sources-of-gluten/